雅布赖山周边沙害现状与防风固沙林草带构建技术体系集成

doi:10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2025.00120

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

阿拉善荒漠生态建设对中国”三北”地区生态安全具有重要意义。雅布赖山周边是两大沙漠“握手”的风沙口治理核心地段，其防风固沙林草带构建及系统功能稳定维持关乎区域交通干线畅通和人居绿洲环境安全。基于区域沙害和防沙体系现状评估，将区域划分为强风沙口工程-生物治沙区、雅布赖山两侧沙漠边缘近自然修复区和工矿城镇绿洲边缘区工程-生物治沙区3种类型，综合已有防沙治沙措施，集成了针对不同区域的防风固沙林草带构建技术体系及治理方案，以期提升防风固沙林草带生态系统功能，为区域生态建设提供决策支持。

关键词: 沙害治理, 防风固沙林草带构建, 技术集成

Abstract:

The ecological construction of the Alxa Desert is of significance to the ecological security of China's Three-North Region. The area surrounding the Yabulai Mountains serves as a critical section for controlling the wind-sand convergence where two major deserts meet of Badain Jaran Desert and Tengger Desert. The establishment of windbreak and sand-fixation forest and grass belts， as well as the stable maintenance of their ecological functions， are vital for ensuring the smooth operation of regional transportation arteries and the safety of human settlements within oasis environments. Based on an assessment of current sand hazards and sand control systems in the region， this paper classifies the area into three types： engineering-biological sand control zones in strong wind-sand corridors， near-natural restoration zones along the desert edges on both sides of the Yabulai Mountains， and engineering-biological sand control zones at the edges of industrial-mining towns and oases. It also proposes corresponding windbreak and sand-fixation forest-grass belt construction technologies and comprehensive management plans for each zone， aiming to provide decision-making support for regional ecological construction.

Key words: sand control, construction of windbreak and sand-fixation forest-grass belts, technology integration plan

中图分类号:

P931.3

肖生春, 司建华, 彭小梅, 周冬蒙. 雅布赖山周边沙害现状与防风固沙林草带构建技术体系集成[J]. 中国沙漠, 2025, 45(5): 209-216.

Shengchun Xiao, Jianhua Si, Xiaomei Peng, Dongmeng Zhou. Current status of sand hazards and integrated technical system construction of windbreak and sand-fixation forest-grass belts around Yabulai Mountains[J]. Journal of Desert Research, 2025, 45(5): 209-216.

图/表 8

图1 “三北”工程区防沙体系及风沙现状

Fig.1 The sand control system and current status in the Three-North Shelter Forest Program Area

图2 孟根大梁道路上风向流沙与路面积沙情况

Fig.2 The situation of wind-blown sand and sand accumulation on the road of Menggen Ridge

图3 雅布赖山中段阿贵庙附近洪积扇上部高立式尼龙网沙障形成的沙丘链

Fig.3 The sand-dunes-chain of the high-standing nylon net-sand-barriers in the upper part of the Yabulai alluvial fan in Agui Temple

图4 雅布赖镇外围防沙体系及风沙现状

Fig.4 The sand control system and current situation surrounding the Yabulai Town

图5 雅布赖山周边沙害治理技术体系集成总体思路

Fig.5 The overall concept of integrating the sand control technology system surrounding the Yabulai Mountains

图6 道路两侧砾石压砂-输沙+沙障+灌草固沙效果

Fig.6 Sand fixation effect of gravel-cover-sediment transportation， sand barriers， artificial shrub and grass system on both sides of the road

图7 交通干线两侧阻固输防沙体系

Fig.7 The sand barrier-fixed-transportation system on both sides of the major road

图8 乔灌木（旱榆、柽柳）防护林滴灌造林

Fig.8 Protective forests afforestation by drip irrigation with trees and shrubs （Ulmus and Tamarix）

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